{"id":1341,"date":"2024-07-07T03:22:53","date_gmt":"2024-07-07T03:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/10.6.1.79\/psbguides\/?p=1341"},"modified":"2024-07-07T03:27:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T03:27:25","slug":"copyright-for-researchers-copyright-terminology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-copyright-terminology\/","title":{"rendered":"Copyright for Researchers: Copyright Terminology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1341\" class=\"elementor elementor-1341\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e473112 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e473112\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ede10f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ede10f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright for Researchers<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d59cec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d59cec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright Terminology<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-700edb8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"700edb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4ed61e elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"f4ed61e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot; class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 320 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-f4ed61e\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1293\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-copyright\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Copyright<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1311\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-authorship-and-ip\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Authorship and IP<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-3rd-party-copyright\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">3rd Party Copyright<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1333\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-creative-commons\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Creative Commons<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1340\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-resources\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1347\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-copyright-terminology\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Copyright Terminology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-menu-bar\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M104 333H896C929 333 958 304 958 271S929 208 896 208H104C71 208 42 237 42 271S71 333 104 333ZM104 583H896C929 583 958 554 958 521S929 458 896 458H104C71 458 42 487 42 521S71 583 104 583ZM104 833H896C929 833 958 804 958 771S929 708 896 708H104C71 708 42 737 42 771S71 833 104 833Z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-close\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M742 167L500 408 258 167C246 154 233 150 217 150 196 150 179 158 167 167 154 179 150 196 150 212 150 229 154 242 171 254L408 500 167 742C138 771 138 800 167 829 196 858 225 858 254 829L496 587 738 829C750 842 767 846 783 846 800 846 817 842 829 829 842 817 846 804 846 783 846 767 842 750 829 737L588 500 833 258C863 229 863 200 833 171 804 137 775 137 742 167Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-f4ed61e\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1293\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-copyright\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Copyright<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1311\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-authorship-and-ip\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Authorship and IP<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-3rd-party-copyright\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">3rd Party Copyright<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1333\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-creative-commons\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Creative Commons<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1340\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-resources\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-1347\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/copyright-for-researchers-copyright-terminology\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Copyright Terminology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a616db3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a616db3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6422430 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6422430\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3046480 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3046480\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0891a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f0891a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b29d95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b29d95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1343 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" data-src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/copyright.jpg\"><\/p><p>This page contains definitions of some of the most common areas of copyright applicable to researchers. Many of these are highlighted in our forthcoming Copyright Advisor resource.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a37487 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0a37487\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-155eebb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"155eebb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-769dfc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"769dfc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright Terminology<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c818a6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c818a6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Author accepted manuscript<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>The version of a manuscript which has been accepted for publication but has not yet been through the final editing and layout process. This is typically the version which publishers allow authors to deposit in a repository.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Copyright Licensing Agency<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>The Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia;(MyIPO) is a Malaysia agency which administers a licence allowing subscribing institutions to make legal copies of copyright materials and make these available for educational use. The Licence is audited on a regular basis to ensure compliance.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Copyright transfer agreement (CTA)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Sometimes known as a publishing agreement, this is a document signed by a author upon publication which transfers the commercial rights of a work to the publisher. The author still retains the moral rights over the work.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Creative Commons<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>A group of licenses which provide an easy to use, standardised way for researchers (and anyone else) to share their work with others. There are various licenses which can be applied depending on what a creator wants to do with their work but all licenses acknowledge the original author and allow work to be shared.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Exclusive licence to publish<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Unlike a copyright transfer agreement, an exclusive licence to publish lets the original author retain the copyright in their work but grants a publisher the rights for a limited time only. This means that the publisher is free to publish and share the work but they will not own the financial rights over it. This usually covers a defined period of time where the publisher is free to share it as they see fit. At the end of this period the author can grant another licence if they wish.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Finding images<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Researchers often want to use images in their work as part of their argument or just as illustrations. It is important to remember that many images are subject to some level of copyright and that permission may need to be obtained for their use. If researchers want to use generic images for illustration there are many sites which offer high quality, free and openly licensed materials such Pixabay, Pexels, ;Nappy.co and Flickr. It is good practice to check the licence of each individual image before use.<\/p><ul><li><strong>GNU General Public License<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) is an open licence applied to computer software which allows others to run, study, share and modify it.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Open Access<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>An alternative model of publication which sees research outputs made freely available online rather than published behind a paywall. Green Open Access refers to the practice of making a pre-publication version of a text available in a repository. Gold Open Access, sometimes called born digital OA, refers to content that is published openly from the beginning.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Open Educational Resources<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>Many educational resources are kept behind some type of cost barrier, from paywalls to the cost of a printed book. Open Educational Resources (OER) are tools and resources which are created to help with this problem. They are free to access, have an open license such as Creative Commons attached and are often designed for use in teaching or research<\/p><ul><li><strong>Ordnance Survey<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>The Ordnance Survey is the national mapping agency for the UK. Reporting to the UK government it produces a range of maps in both print and digital format and these are often seen as the definitive map of a particular area. Ordnance Survey maps remain in copyright for fifty years after their publication<\/p><ul><li><strong>Public domain<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>When a work is in the public domain it means that copyright no longer subsists in the work that has been reproduced.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Reusing content<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>All research builds on work that has been done before and this often means using work which has been authored by other people. Researchers wanting to use this material should think carefully about the work they want to use, the amount that is needed and clarify whether they need to seek permission from the original author. If reuse is permitted then the researcher will need to make sure that they credit the original author. It is also worth remembering that this process may apply to work that a researcher has authored themselves but published after signing a copyright transfer agreement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88a5278 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"88a5278\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e49cc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84e49cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4aac1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4aac1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reference<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae67a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ae67a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>University of Cambridge. (2021).<em>\u00a0Copyright for Researchers: Copyright terminology.<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.cam.ac.uk\/copyright\/researchers\/Terminology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/libguides.cam.ac.uk\/copyright\/researchers\/Terminology<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Copyright for Researchers Copyright Terminology Introduction This page contains definitions of some of the most common areas of copyright applicable to researchers. Many of these are highlighted in our forthcoming Copyright Advisor resource. Copyright Terminology Author accepted manuscript The version of a manuscript which has been accepted for publication but has not yet been through [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-copyright-for-researchers"],"aioseo_notices":[],"modified_by":"guideadmin","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1341"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1341\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}