{"id":221,"date":"2024-06-16T04:25:50","date_gmt":"2024-06-16T04:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/10.6.1.79\/psbguides\/?p=221"},"modified":"2024-07-07T10:51:03","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T10:51:03","slug":"apa-citation-style-7th-edition-general-style-guidelines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-general-style-guidelines\/","title":{"rendered":"APA Citation Style, 7th edition: General Style Guidelines"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"221\" class=\"elementor elementor-221\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e473112 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e473112\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ede10f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ede10f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">APA Citation Style, 7th edition<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d77bbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d77bbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">General Style Guidelines<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-700edb8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"700edb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beff37a elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"beff37a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot; class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 320 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-beff37a\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-247\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-apa-6th-7th-comparison\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">APA 6th \/7th Comparison<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-294\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-books\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Books<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-301\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-one-author-or-editor\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">One Author or Editor<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-335\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-two-authors-or-two-editors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Two Authors or Two Editors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-341\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-three-to-five-authors-or-editors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Three to Five Authors or Editors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-347\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-article-of-chapter-in-an-edited-book\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Article of Chapter in an Edited Book<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-353\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-article-in-a-reference-book\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Article in a Reference Book<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-371\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-no-author\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">No Author<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-377\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-e-books\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">E-Books<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-edition-other-than-the-first\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Edition other than the First<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-389\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-translation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Translation<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-395\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-government-publication\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Government Publication<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-402\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journals\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Journals<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-408\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journal-article-with-one-author\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Journal Article with One Author<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-417\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journal-article-with-2-authors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Journal Article with 2 Authors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-436\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journal-article-with-3-7-authors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Journal Article with 3 \u2013 7 Authors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-442\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journal-article-7-or-more-authors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Journal Article 7 or more Authors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-448\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-magazine-article\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Magazine Article<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-newspaper-article\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Newspaper Article<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-462\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-database\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-469\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-web-sites\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Web Sites<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-475\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-basic-web-page\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Basic Web Page<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-484\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-web-page-from-a-university-site\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Web Page from a University Site<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-490\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-web-page-with-no-author\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Web Page with No Author<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-497\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-blog-post\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Blog Post<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-503\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-entry-in-a-reference-work\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Entry in a Reference Work<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-509\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-government-document\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Government Document<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-516\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-audiovisual-media\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Audiovisual Media<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-522\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-film-and-television\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Film and Television<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-529\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-youtube-video\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">YouTube Video<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-535\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-audio-podcast\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Audio Podcast<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-541\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-episodes\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Episodes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-547\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-figures-images\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Figures\/Images<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-553\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-electronic-image\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Electronic Image<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-559\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-figures\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Figures<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-566\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-social-media\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Social Media<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-572\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-facebook\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Facebook<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-578\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-twitter-instagram\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Twitter\/Instagram<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-591\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-thesis-or-dissertation\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Thesis or Dissertation<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-601\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-other-sources\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Other Sources<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-608\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-interview\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Interview<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-615\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-lectures-ppt\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Lectures\/PPT<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-621\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-e-mail\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">E-mail<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-627\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-conferences\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Conferences<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-633\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-secondary-sources\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Secondary Sources<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-640\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-citation-support\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Citation Support<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-646\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-additional-citation-styles-support\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Additional Citation Styles &#038; Support<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-654\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-avoiding-plagiarism\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Avoiding Plagiarism<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-661\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-formatting-your-paper\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Formatting Your Paper<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-675\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-in-text-citations-paraphrasing-and-quoting\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">In-Text Citations, Paraphrasing and Quoting<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-230\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-general-style-guidelines\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">General Style Guidelines<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-menu-bar\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M104 333H896C929 333 958 304 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class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-247\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-apa-6th-7th-comparison\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">APA 6th \/7th Comparison<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-294\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-books\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Books<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-301\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-one-author-or-editor\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">One Author or Editor<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-335\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-two-authors-or-two-editors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Two Authors or Two Editors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-341\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-three-to-five-authors-or-editors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Three to Five Authors or Editors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-347\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-article-of-chapter-in-an-edited-book\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Article of Chapter in an Edited Book<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-353\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-article-in-a-reference-book\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Article in a Reference Book<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-371\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-no-author\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">No Author<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-377\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-e-books\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">E-Books<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-383\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-edition-other-than-the-first\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Edition other than the First<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-389\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-translation\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Translation<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-395\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-government-publication\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Government Publication<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-402\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journals\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Journals<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-408\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journal-article-with-one-author\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Journal Article with One Author<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-417\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journal-article-with-2-authors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Journal Article with 2 Authors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-436\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journal-article-with-3-7-authors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Journal Article with 3 \u2013 7 Authors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-442\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-journal-article-7-or-more-authors\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Journal Article 7 or more Authors<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-448\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-magazine-article\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Magazine Article<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-newspaper-article\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Newspaper Article<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-462\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-database\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Database<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-469\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-web-sites\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Web Sites<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-475\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-basic-web-page\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Basic Web Page<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-484\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-web-page-from-a-university-site\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Web Page from a University Site<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-490\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-web-page-with-no-author\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Web Page with No Author<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-497\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-blog-post\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Blog Post<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-503\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-entry-in-a-reference-work\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Entry in a Reference Work<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-509\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-government-document\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Government Document<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-516\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-audiovisual-media\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Audiovisual Media<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-522\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-film-and-television\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Film and Television<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-529\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-youtube-video\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">YouTube Video<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-535\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-audio-podcast\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Audio Podcast<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-541\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-episodes\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Episodes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-547\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-figures-images\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Figures\/Images<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-553\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-electronic-image\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Electronic Image<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-559\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-figures\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Figures<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-566\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-social-media\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Social Media<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-572\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-facebook\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Facebook<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-578\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-twitter-instagram\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Twitter\/Instagram<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-591\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-thesis-or-dissertation\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Thesis or Dissertation<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-601\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-other-sources\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Other Sources<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-608\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-interview\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Interview<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-615\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-lectures-ppt\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Lectures\/PPT<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-621\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-e-mail\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">E-mail<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-627\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-conferences\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Conferences<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-633\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-secondary-sources\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Secondary Sources<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-640\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-citation-support\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Citation Support<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-646\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-additional-citation-styles-support\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Additional Citation Styles &#038; Support<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-654\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-avoiding-plagiarism\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Avoiding Plagiarism<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-661\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-formatting-your-paper\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Formatting Your Paper<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-675\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-in-text-citations-paraphrasing-and-quoting\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">In-Text Citations, Paraphrasing and Quoting<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-230\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/apa-citation-style-7th-edition-general-style-guidelines\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">General Style Guidelines<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09ea397 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"09ea397\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-191b4db e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"191b4db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcb5054 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bcb5054\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83a7bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"83a7bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Creating a Reference List<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75404f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75404f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><p>Start the Reference list on a new page and include the word &#8220;References&#8221; in uppercase and lowercase centered.<\/p><\/li><li><p>The References list should be double-spaced. Each entry should be formatted with a hanging indent.<\/p><\/li><li><p>References cited in text must appear in the References list and vice versa. The only exceptions to this rule are personal communications and classical works; they are cited in text only and are not included in the References list.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Use\u00a0<strong>ONLY<\/strong>\u00a0the initial(s) of the author\u2019s given name,\u00a0<strong>NOT<\/strong>\u00a0the full name.<\/p><\/li><li><p>If the References list includes 2 or more entries by the same author(s), list them in chronological order with the earliest first.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u00a0If the author\u2019s name is unavailable, use the first few words of the title of the article, book or Web source, including the appropriate capitalization and italics formatting. E.g. (Scientists Say, 2000).<\/p><\/li><li><p>Arrange References entries in one alphabetical sequence by the surname of the first author or by title or first word if there is no author. Ignore the words A, An, and The when alphabetizing by title.<\/p><\/li><li><p>In titles and subtitles of articles, chapters, and books, capitalize only the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns, except in parenthetical (in text) citations.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Italicize book titles, journal titles, and volume numbers. Do\u00a0<strong>NOT<\/strong>\u00a0italicize issue numbers.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Do\u00a0<strong>NOT<\/strong>\u00a0include retrieval dates unless the source of the material may change over time such as a\u00a0blog entry or\u00a0wikis.<\/p><\/li><li><p>If a\u00a0<strong>Digital Object Identifier (DOI)<\/strong> is listed on either a print or an electronic source it is included in the reference.\u00a0 A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles).\u00a0 It is often found on the first page of an article.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>Example: http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/146222004<\/p><ul><li><p>When the References entry includes a URL that must be divided between two lines, break it\u00a0<strong>BEFORE<\/strong>\u00a0a slash or dash or at another logical division point. Do\u00a0<strong>NOT<\/strong>\u00a0insert a hyphen if you need to break a URL or a period at the end of the URL.\u00a0<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518961f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"518961f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d88cfdb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d88cfdb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c430890 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c430890\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In-Text Citations<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-145c2f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"145c2f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"s-lg-content-48651659\" class=\" clearfix\"><p><strong>How to Cite a Direct Quote<\/strong><\/p><p>When you incorporate a direct quotation into a sentence, you must cite the source. Fit quotations within your sentences, enclosed in quotation marks, making sure the sentences are grammatically correct.<\/p><p>Gibaldi (2003, p. 109) indicates that, \u201cQuotations are effective in research papers when used selectively.\u201d<\/p><p>Remember that \u201c[q]uotations are effective in research papers when used selectively\u201d (Gibaldi, 2003, p. 109).<\/p><p>In 2003, Gibaldi wrote that, \u201cQuotations are effective in research papers when used selectively\u201d (p. 109).<\/p><p>If a quotation is 40 words or more,\u00a0<strong><em>omit quotation marks<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0and use a block format in which the quotation is indented about \u00bd inch (or 5 spaces) from the left margin.<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite Summaries or Paraphrases<\/strong><\/p><p>Even if you put information in your own words by summarizing or paraphrasing, you must cite the original author or researcher and the date of publication. You are also encouraged to provide a page or paragraph number; check with your instructor to see if page numbers are required.<\/p><p>For example, a paraphrase of Gibaldi\u2019s earlier quotation might be identified as follows:<\/p><p>Within the research paper, quotations will have more impact when used judiciously (Gibaldi, 2003, p. 109).<\/p><p>\u00a0You may want to check out\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/owl\/resource\/619\/01\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Owl at Purdue<\/a><\/em>\u00a0for more tips on paraphrasing.<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite Sources when the Primary Authors have the same Surname<\/strong><\/p><p>If two or more of your sources are written by authors with the same surname, include the first author&#8217;s initials with the surname in every in-text reference.<\/p><p><strong>Example:<\/strong>\u00a0 Among studies, we review M. A. Light and Light (2008) and I. Light (2006) &#8230;\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite Works with the Same Author and Same Date<\/strong><\/p><p>When citing multiple works by the same author with the same date, link your in-text citations to your references by adding a letter to the end of the year in both: (Smith, 2015a), (Smith, 2015b), (Smith, 2015c), etc.<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite Different Numbers of Authors<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><p>When a work has\u00a0<strong>2 authors<\/strong>, cite both names every time the reference occurs. When a work has\u00a0<strong>3 or more authors<\/strong>\u00a0you only include the first author&#8217;s name followed by &#8220;et al.&#8221;<em>.<\/em><\/p><p><strong>How to Cite Information If No Page Numbers Are Available<\/strong><\/p><p>If a resource contains no page numbers, as can be the case with electronic sources, then you cannot include a page number in the parentheses. However, if the source indicates paragraph numbers, use the abbreviation \u201cpara\u201d and the relevant number in the parentheses. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it.<\/p><p>As Myers (2000, para. 5) aptly phrased it\u2026<\/p><p>(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion, para. 1)<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite Information When You Have Not Seen the Original Source<\/strong><\/p><p>Sometimes an author writes about research that someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original research report. In this case, because you did not read the original report, you will include only the source you did consult in your References. The words \u201cas cited in\u201d in the parenthetical reference indicate you have not read the original research.<\/p><p>Fong\u2019s 1987 study (as cited in Bertram, 1996) found that older students\u2019 memory can be as good as that of young people, but this depends on how memory is tested. [Do not include Fong (1987) in your References; do include Bertram (1996).]<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite when you are Altering a Direct Quote<\/strong><\/p><p>When you need to leave out part of a quotation to make it fit grammatically or because it contains irrelevant\/unnecessary information, insert ellipses.<\/p><p>If you must add or slightly change words within a quotation for reasons of grammar or clarity, indicate the change with square brackets.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a7af44 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9a7af44\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-571c576 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"571c576\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9d9862 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a9d9862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">General Guidelines for Writing a Paper: APA Style<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3157cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3157cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><p>All sources of information and data, whether quoted directly or paraphrased, are cited with parenthetical references in the text of your paper .<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Example:<\/strong>\u00a0(Walker, 2003).<\/p><ul><li><p>Double-space your entire paper, including the References list and any block quotes .<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3460a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f3460a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b434014 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b434014\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Subject Guide<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb34333 elementor-widget elementor-widget-rttm-team-grid\" data-id=\"fb34333\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"rttm-team-grid.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"rt-team-container rt-elementor-container rt-pos-r rt-team-container-elementor rt-hover-zoom_in\" id=\"rt-team-container-938384219\" 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src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"img-responsive rt-team-img lazyload\" alt=\"Siti Suriyani Muhamad\" data-src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/suriyani-1000-x-1500-200x300.jpg\"><\/a><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"tlp-content\"><h3><span class=\"team-name\"><a class=\"\" data-id=\"1348\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Siti Suriyani Muhamad\" href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/team\/siti-suriyani-muhamad\/\">Siti Suriyani Muhamad<\/a><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"tlp-position\"><a class=\"\" data-id=\"1348\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Siti Suriyani Muhamad\" href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/team\/siti-suriyani-muhamad\/\">Librarian<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"contact-info\"><ul><li class=\"tlp-email\"><i class=\"far fa-envelope\"><\/i><a href=\"mailto:sitisuriyani@uum.edu.my\"><span class=\"tlp-email\">sitisuriyani@uum.edu.my<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"tlp-phone\"><i class=\"fa fa-phone-alt\"><\/i><a href=\"tel:+604 928 3638\" class=\"tlp-phone\">+604 928 3638<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"rt-loading-overlay full-op\"><\/div><div class=\"rt-loading rt-ball-clip-rotate\"><div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>APA Citation Style, 7th edition General Style Guidelines Creating a Reference List Start the Reference list on a new page and include the word &#8220;References&#8221; in uppercase and lowercase centered. The References list should be double-spaced. Each entry should be formatted with a hanging indent. References cited in text must appear in the References list [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-apa-citation-style-7th-edition"],"aioseo_notices":[],"modified_by":"guideadmin","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=221"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/221\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}