{"id":2880,"date":"2024-07-12T15:59:41","date_gmt":"2024-07-12T15:59:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/10.6.1.79\/psbguides\/?p=2880"},"modified":"2025-11-18T07:15:24","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T07:15:24","slug":"effective-database-searching-search-techniques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/effective-database-searching-search-techniques\/","title":{"rendered":"Effective database searching : Search Techniques"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2880\" class=\"elementor elementor-2880\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e473112 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e473112\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ede10f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ede10f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Effective Database Searching<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d59cec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d59cec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Search Techniques<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-700edb8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"700edb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4ed61e elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"f4ed61e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot; class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 320 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-f4ed61e\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2876\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/effective-database-searching\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2896\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/effective-database-searching-search-techniques\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Search Techniques<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2910\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/effective-database-searching-planning-your-search\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Planning Your Search<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-menu-bar\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M104 333H896C929 333 958 304 958 271S929 208 896 208H104C71 208 42 237 42 271S71 333 104 333ZM104 583H896C929 583 958 554 958 521S929 458 896 458H104C71 458 42 487 42 521S71 583 104 583ZM104 833H896C929 833 958 804 958 771S929 708 896 708H104C71 708 42 737 42 771S71 833 104 833Z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-close\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M742 167L500 408 258 167C246 154 233 150 217 150 196 150 179 158 167 167 154 179 150 196 150 212 150 229 154 242 171 254L408 500 167 742C138 771 138 800 167 829 196 858 225 858 254 829L496 587 738 829C750 842 767 846 783 846 800 846 817 842 829 829 842 817 846 804 846 783 846 767 842 750 829 737L588 500 833 258C863 229 863 200 833 171 804 137 775 137 742 167Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-f4ed61e\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2876\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/effective-database-searching\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2896\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/effective-database-searching-search-techniques\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Search Techniques<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2910\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/effective-database-searching-planning-your-search\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Planning Your Search<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52e87f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52e87f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aa1299 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2aa1299\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57b39a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57b39a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dbd9cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3dbd9cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e44407 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5e44407\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"160\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2882 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/search_techniques.png\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3df298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3df298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are common search techniques that you can apply to almost any database, including article databases, online catalogues and popular search engines like Google. The techniques described in this guide will help you find relevant results when using\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LibSearch<\/a>, Discover!, databases or other online resources.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb9c50 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0cb9c50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5eb0eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e5eb0eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38a599b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38a599b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf7662b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf7662b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Overview<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c3f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0c3f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This section describes some important methods you can use to search efficiently and effectively. It gives you guidance on:<\/p><ul><li>using symbols to search for alternative word endings and spellings<\/li><li>searching for phrases<\/li><li>performing more specific searches<\/li><li>combining your concepts in a search statement<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2dbfc5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2dbfc5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4771f59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4771f59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fields<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac7bbcc e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"ac7bbcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"180861900\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1808619001\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1808619001\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1808619001\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tIntroduction\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1808619002\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1808619002\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1808619002\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tHow Database Fields Improve Your Research\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1808619003\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1808619003\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1808619003\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tExample of Fields\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-1808619001\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1808619001\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-14b7238 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14b7238\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-281da8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"281da8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>What to look for\u00a0<\/p><p>Records in library databases are comprised of fields containing specific pieces of bibliographic information. Common fields include:<\/p><ul><li>author<\/li><li>title<\/li><li>journal-title<\/li><li>abstract<\/li><li>publisher<\/li><li>date\/year of publication<\/li><li>subject\/descriptor<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-1808619002\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1808619002\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-08337b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"08337b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee9f6a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee9f6a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Limiting your search to specific database fields can yield more precise results.<\/li><li>For instance, if you are looking for books\u00a0<em>by<\/em>\u00a0Adam Smith instead of\u00a0<em>about<\/em>\u00a0him, it is more efficient to limit your search to the author field.<\/li><li>To find various fields within a database, look for drop-down boxes or menus to select the field you want to search.<\/li><li>Then combine words and fields together with boolean or proximity operators, depending on how precise you want to be.<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2883 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" alt=\"\" width=\"546\" height=\"374\" data-src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fields.gif\"><\/p><ul><li>If you do not choose a specific field, the database usually reverts to a keyword search, where your words will be searched throughout the record.<\/li><li>If your keyword search retrieves too many records (more than 50), try narrowing your search to retrieve a more manageable result.<\/li><li>Information overload &#8211; too many results &#8211; can be a worse situation than finding only 10 very relevant results.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-1808619003\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1808619003\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e726e7f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e726e7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e4bf93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e4bf93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The record below shows the field names on the left: Author, Title, Source, Standard No., Details, Language, Abstract, Descriptor<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2887 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" alt=\"\" width=\"626\" height=\"422\" data-src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/record2.gif\"><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-583a3ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"583a3ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8fe3ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a8fe3ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Truncation &amp; Wildcards<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f715ec4 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"f715ec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"259088068\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2590880681\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2590880681\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2590880681\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tIntroduction\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2590880682\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2590880682\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2590880682\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTruncation\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2590880683\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2590880683\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2590880683\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tWildcards\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2590880681\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2590880681\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-4a0bb04 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a0bb04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44b0c60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44b0c60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>What to look for<\/p><ul><li>Root words that have multiple endings.\u00a0 Example: sun = suns, sunshine, sunny, sunlight<\/li><li>Words that are spelt\u00a0differently, but mean the same thing.\u00a0 Example:\u00a0 color, colour<\/li><li>Truncation\/wildcard symbols vary by database.\u00a0 Check the help screens to find out which symbols are used.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2590880682\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2590880682\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-bee32a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bee32a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bf772e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8bf772e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Truncation, also called stemming, is a technique that\u00a0broadens your search\u00a0to include\u00a0various word endings and spellings.<\/p><ul><li>To use truncation, enter the root of a word and put the truncation symbol at the end.<\/li><li>The database will return results that include any ending of that root word.<\/li><li>Examples:<br \/>child* = child, childs, children, childrens, childhood<br \/>genetic* = genetic, genetics, genetically<\/li><li>Truncation symbols may vary by database; common symbols include: *, !, ?, or #<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2590880683\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2590880683\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-28b5e3b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28b5e3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9269b6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9269b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Similar to truncation, wildcards substitute a symbol for one letter of a word.<\/p><ul><li>This is useful if\u00a0a word is spelled in different ways, but still has the same meaning.<\/li><li>Examples:<br \/>wom!n = woman, women<br \/>colo?r = color, colour<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5460ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b5460ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-845ff97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"845ff97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Identify Keywords<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7feee1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7feee1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Identify your keywords in your assignment or related to your topic.<\/p><p>Before you start searching for information, spend time analysing the question to identify subject words and instruction words.<\/p><p>Do not enter assignment question, very long phrases or\u00a0sentences into databases. These confuse databases and you will not get accurate results. Pick out the words that indicate the\u00a0<strong>main points of your topic.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Subject words\u00a0<\/strong>or\u00a0<strong>keywords\u00a0<\/strong>are the main ideas or concepts in your topic you will use when searching library catalogue, Discover! or specific databases.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<br \/><strong>Instruction (action) words<\/strong>\u00a0tell you how to answer the question and what your essay should do. It is important that you understand exactly what these words mean so that you don\u2019t misinterpret a question.<br \/>Examples of terms describing actions you may be asked to undertake in your assessment tasks: analyse, compare, comment, define, describe, discuss, evaluate, explain etc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e97602 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e97602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-077a16d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"077a16d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phrases<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5f2d80 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"d5f2d80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"224341376\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413761\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413761\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2243413761\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tIntroduction\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413762\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413762\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2243413762\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tPhrase Searching Tip\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413763\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413763\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2243413763\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tProximity Operators\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413764\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413764\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2243413764\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tProximity Operators Examples\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2243413761\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413761\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-806ac6e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"806ac6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6999154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6999154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>What to look for<\/p><ul><li>Different databases interpret searches differently.\u00a0A common\u00a0variation is how databases\u00a0recognize phrases.<\/li><li>Some assume that words typed next to each other should be searched as phrases.<\/li><li>Others automatically put a Boolean AND between your search terms, requiring that all the words be present, but not necessarily adjacent to each other.<\/li><li>These searches can retrieve very different results.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2243413762\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413762\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-92c2b18 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"92c2b18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8da5d50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8da5d50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Most databases allow you to specify that adjacent words be searched as phrases.<\/p><ul><li>Using parentheses or quotes around search words is a common way to do phrase searching, but not all databases or search engines use them.<\/li><li>Example:\u00a0 &#8220;genetic engineering&#8221;<\/li><li><b>Hint:\u00a0<\/b>It is often very easy to do phrase searching from the<b>\u00a0Advanced\u00a0<\/b>or<b>\u00a0Guided\u00a0<\/b>search in a database.<\/li><li>You can click a button specifying that you want your words searched as a phrase, as in the example below:<\/li><\/ul><hr \/><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2888 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" alt=\"\" width=\"563\" height=\"246\" data-src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/phrases.jpg\"><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2243413763\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413763\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-e775cfe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e775cfe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0a54f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0a54f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Many databases allow you to specify that the words you are searching for are within a certain proximity of each other.<\/li><li>Proximity operators are more specific than Boolean operators and make your search more precise.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2243413764\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2243413764\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3c3ca07 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c3ca07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3e211a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a3e211a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proximity operators also vary by database, but some common ones include:<\/p><p><b>w# = with<\/b><\/p><ul><li>With specifies that words appear in the order you type them in.<\/li><li>Substitute the # with a number of words that may appear in between. If no number is given, then it specifies an exact phrase.<\/li><li>Examples:<br \/>genetic w engineering (searches the phrase genetic engineering)<br \/>Hillary w2 Clinton (retrieves Hillary Clinton, Hillary Rodham Clinton, etc.)<\/li><\/ul><p><b>n# = near<\/b><\/p><ul><li>Near specifies that the words may appear in any order.<\/li><li>Substitute the # with a number of words that may appear in between.<\/li><li>Examples:<br \/>cloning n3 human (retrieves cloning of humans, human cloning etc.)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85b54bf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"85b54bf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cde8661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cde8661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stop Words<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9352c e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"3f9352c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"66663724\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-666637241\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-666637241\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-666637241\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tIntroduction\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-666637242\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-666637242\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-666637242\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbout Stop Words\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-666637241\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-666637241\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-a9825b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a9825b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f06fb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f06fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>What to look for<\/p><p>Stop words are frequently occurring, insignificant words that appear in a database record, article or web page.<\/p><p>Common stop words include:<\/p><p><strong>a, an, the, in, of, on, are, be, if, into, which\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-666637242\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-666637242\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-b663f64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b663f64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7adaf21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7adaf21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Why should you care about stop words?<\/p><ul><li>Many databases ignore common words from your search statement.\u00a0 If included, the database returns far too many results.<\/li><li>So you know which words to exclude from your search statement.<\/li><li>To make sure they are included if they are a significant part of your search.<\/li><li>Many databases recognize common stop words when they are part of the controlled vocabulary of subject headings and descriptors.\u00a0 Example: balance<strong>\u00a0of<\/strong>\u00a0payments<\/li><li>Stop words vary by database. Check the Help screens for a list.<\/li><\/ul><p>How can you avoid using stop words in your search?<\/p><ul><li>In some databases, you can use techniques to include stop words as part of the search.<\/li><li>Some databases use quotes around stop words.\u00a0 Example:\u00a0<strong>Title keyword<\/strong>= out &#8220;of&#8221; Africa retrieves\u00a0<strong>title<\/strong>: Out of Africa<\/li><li><p>Choose the most significant words that describe your topic and connect them together using Boolean operators or proximity operators.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Search for your terms in specific fields, such as author, title or subject\/descriptor.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9eb54ad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9eb54ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a550cd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a550cd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Keywords vs. Subjects<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-215748d e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"215748d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"34960525\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-349605251\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-349605251\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-349605251\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tIntroduction\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-349605252\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-349605252\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-349605252\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tWhat are Subject Headings &amp; Keywords?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-349605251\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-349605251\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-c5b1dee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c5b1dee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1bef8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1bef8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>What to look for<\/p><p>To find subject headings for your topic:<\/p><ul><li>Look to see if the database has an online thesaurus to browse for subjects that match your topic (check the Help screens).<\/li><li>Some databases publish thesauri in print (e.g. Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms for the PsycInfo database).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/libraries.mit.edu\/ask-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ask Us<\/a>\u00a0for help using thesauri.<\/li><\/ul><p>Another way to find subject headings:<\/p><ul><li>Start with a keyword search, using words\/phrases that describe your topic.<\/li><li>Browse the results; choose 2 or 3 that are relevant.<\/li><li>Look at the Subject or Descriptor field and note the terms used (write them down).<\/li><li>Redo your search using those terms.<\/li><li>Your results will be more precise than your initial keyword search.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-349605252\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-349605252\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-ddd6c27 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ddd6c27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14a1735 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14a1735\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Subject headings<\/strong>\u00a0describe the content of each item in a database. Use these headings to find relevant items on the same topic.\u00a0 Searching by subject headings (a.k.a. descriptors) is the most precise way to search article databases.<\/p><p>It is not easy to guess which subject headings are used in a given database. For example, the phone book&#8217;s Yellow Pages use subject headings. If you look for &#8220;Movie Theatres&#8221; you will find nothing, as they are listed under the subject heading &#8220;Theatres &#8211; Movies.&#8221;<\/p><p><strong>Keyword searching<\/strong>\u00a0is how you typically search web search engines.\u00a0 Think of important words or phrases and type them in to get results.<\/p><p>Here are some key points about each type of search:<\/p><table class=\"table table-bordered\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"ck_border\">Keywords<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">vs<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">Subjects<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"ck_border\">Natural language words describing your topic &#8211; good to start with<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">\u00a0<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">Pre-defined &#8220;controlled vocabulary&#8221; words used to describe the content of each item (book, journal article) in a database<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"ck_border\">More flexible to search by &#8211; can combine together in many ways<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">\u00a0<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">Less flexible to search by &#8211; need to know the exact controlled vocabulary term<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"ck_border\">The database looks for keywords anywhere in the record &#8211; not necessarily connected together<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">\u00a0<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">The database looks for subjects only in the subject heading or descriptor field, where the most relevant words appear<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"ck_border\">May yield too many or too few results<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">\u00a0<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">iI too many results &#8211; also use\u00a0subheadings to focus on one aspect of the broader subject<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"ck_border\">May yield many irrelevant results<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">\u00a0<\/td><td class=\"ck_border\">Results usually very relevant to the topic<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ba966a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ba966a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d486050 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d486050\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Expand Your Keywords<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92483c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92483c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Try to<strong>\u00a0include synonyms<\/strong>\u00a0in your search. Databases only bring back results which contain the exact words you typed in, so if you include alternative keywords you may find a lot more relevant material.<br \/><strong>TIP:\u00a0<\/strong>Ask yourself<em>\u00a0&#8220;What other words could be used to describe this concept?&#8221;<\/em><\/p><p>For example, if you are researching a social services related topic take a moment to write down as many synonyms as you can think of \u2013 such as community service, social welfare, support services, social care\/work etc.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Use an encyclopaedia\u00a0<\/strong>or\u00a0<strong>dictionary\u00a0<\/strong>to find definitions (e.g.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ezproxy.lit.ie\/login?url=https:\/\/academic.eb.com\/levels\/collegiate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Encyclopaedia Britannica<\/strong>\u00a0online<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0<strong>Cambridge<\/strong>\u00a0online dictionary,<\/a>\u00a0print dictionaries and encyclopaedias in the reference section of the library)<\/li><li><strong>Use a\u00a0thesaurus<\/strong>\u00a0to find related or similar terms.<\/li><li><strong>Use acronyms\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>full names<\/strong>\u00a0(for example CSO and Central Statistics Office)<\/li><li><strong>Don\u2019t forget to<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>search for<\/strong>\u00a0people, places and organisations related to your topic.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c326a5a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c326a5a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efc3ab5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"efc3ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Boolean Operators<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23221a8 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"23221a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"36839848\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398481\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398481\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-368398481\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tIntroduction\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398482\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398482\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-368398482\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAND\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398483\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398483\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-368398483\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tOR\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398484\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398484\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-368398484\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tNOT\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398485\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-368398485\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-368398485\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tSearch Order\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-368398481\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-368398481\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-1f1f90f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f1f90f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f643962 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f643962\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Boolean operators form the basis of mathematical sets and database logic.<\/p><ul><li>They connect your search words together to either narrow or broaden your set of results.<\/li><li>The three basic boolean operators are:\u00a0<b>AND<\/b>,\u00a0<b>OR<\/b>, and\u00a0<b>NOT<\/b>.<\/li><\/ul><p>Why use Boolean operators?<\/p><ul><li>To focus on a search, particularly when your topic contains multiple search terms.<\/li><li>To connect various pieces of information to find exactly what you&#8217;re looking for.<\/li><li>Example:<br \/>second creation (title) AND Wilmut and Campbell (author)\u00a0AND 2000 (year)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-368398482\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-368398482\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-73f5c49 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73f5c49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-848f245 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"848f245\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Use AND in a search to:<\/p><ul><li>narrow your results<\/li><li>tell\u00a0the database that\u00a0<strong>ALL<\/strong>\u00a0search terms must be present in the resulting records<\/li><li>example: cloning AND humans AND ethics<\/li><\/ul><p>The\u00a0purple triangle in the middle of the Venn diagram below represents the result set for this search. It is a small set using AND, the combination of all three search words.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2889 size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"266\" data-src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/and.gif\"><\/p><p>Be aware:\u00a0\u00a0In many, but not all, databases, the AND is implied.\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>For example, Google automatically puts an AND in between your search terms.<\/li><li>Though all your search terms are included in the results, they may not be connected together in the way you want.<\/li><li>For example, this search:\u00a0 college students test anxiety is translated to college AND students AND test AND anxiety. The words may appear individually throughout the resulting records.<\/li><li>You can search using phrases to make your results more specific.<\/li><li>For example:\u00a0 &#8220;college students&#8221;\u00a0AND &#8220;test anxiety&#8221;. This way, the phrases show up in the results as you expect them to be.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-368398483\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-368398483\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1a209ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a209ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faea8d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faea8d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Use OR in a search to:<\/p><ul><li>connect two or more similar concepts (synonyms)<\/li><li>broaden your results, telling the database that ANY of your search terms can be present in the resulting records<\/li><li>example: cloning OR genetics OR reproduction<\/li><\/ul><p>All three circles represent the result set for this search. It is a big set because any of those words are valid using the OR operator.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-368398484\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-368398484\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4bb8781 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4bb8781\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6875453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6875453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Use NOT in a search to:<\/p><ul><li>exclude words from your search<\/li><li>narrow your search, telling the database to ignore concepts that may be implied by your search terms<\/li><li>example:\u00a0 cloning NOT sheep<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-368398485\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-368398485\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-4a10f5b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a10f5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d36dfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d36dfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Databases follow commands you type in and return results based on those commands. Be aware of the logical order in which words are connected when using Boolean operators:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Databases usually recognize AND as the primary operator, and will connect concepts with AND together first.<\/li><li>If you use a combination of AND and OR operators in a search, enclose the words to be &#8220;ORed&#8221; together in parentheses.<\/li><\/ul><p>Examples:<\/p><ul><li>ethics AND (cloning OR reproductive techniques)<\/li><li>(ethic* OR moral*) AND (bioengineering OR cloning)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56b2295 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"56b2295\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48a79a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48a79a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05f3a3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"05f3a3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reference<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f6a63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93f6a63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>TUS Library. (2021).\u00a0<em>Effective database searching &#8211; Tips on searching databases, library catalogue and Discover!<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lit.libguides.com\/c.php?g=662610&amp;p=4683865\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/lit.libguides.com\/c.php?g=662610&amp;p=4683865<\/a><\/li><li>MIT Libraries. (2021). Database Search Tips.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.mit.edu\/database-search\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/libguides.mit.edu\/database-search<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Effective Database Searching Search Techniques Introduction There are common search techniques that you can apply to almost any database, including article databases, online catalogues and popular search engines like Google. The techniques described in this guide will help you find relevant results when using\u00a0LibSearch, Discover!, databases or other online resources. Overview This section describes some [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-effective-database-searching"],"aioseo_notices":[],"modified_by":"guideadmin","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2880"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2880\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}