{"id":2976,"date":"2024-07-14T13:10:30","date_gmt":"2024-07-14T13:10:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/10.6.1.79\/psbguides\/?p=2976"},"modified":"2025-11-18T07:55:32","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T07:55:32","slug":"fake-news-source-evaluation-how-to-spot-fake-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/fake-news-source-evaluation-how-to-spot-fake-news\/","title":{"rendered":"Fake News: Source Evaluation: How to Spot Fake News"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2976\" class=\"elementor elementor-2976\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e473112 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e473112\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ede10f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ede10f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fake News: Source Evaluation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d59cec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d59cec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Spot Fake News<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-700edb8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"700edb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4ed61e elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"f4ed61e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot; class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-down\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 320 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-f4ed61e\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2969\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/fake-news-source-evaluation\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3066\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/fake-news-source-evaluation-how-to-spot-fake-news\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">How to Spot Fake News<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3081\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/fake-news-source-evaluation-what-can-you-do\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">What Can You Do?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3096\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/fake-news-source-evaluation-fake-news-about-covid-19\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Fake News about Covid-19<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-menu-bar\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M104 333H896C929 333 958 304 958 271S929 208 896 208H104C71 208 42 237 42 271S71 333 104 333ZM104 583H896C929 583 958 554 958 521S929 458 896 458H104C71 458 42 487 42 521S71 583 104 583ZM104 833H896C929 833 958 804 958 771S929 708 896 708H104C71 708 42 737 42 771S71 833 104 833Z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-close\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M742 167L500 408 258 167C246 154 233 150 217 150 196 150 179 158 167 167 154 179 150 196 150 212 150 229 154 242 171 254L408 500 167 742C138 771 138 800 167 829 196 858 225 858 254 829L496 587 738 829C750 842 767 846 783 846 800 846 817 842 829 829 842 817 846 804 846 783 846 767 842 750 829 737L588 500 833 258C863 229 863 200 833 171 804 137 775 137 742 167Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-f4ed61e\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2969\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/fake-news-source-evaluation\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3066\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/fake-news-source-evaluation-how-to-spot-fake-news\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">How to Spot Fake News<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3081\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/fake-news-source-evaluation-what-can-you-do\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">What Can You Do?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3096\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/fake-news-source-evaluation-fake-news-about-covid-19\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Fake News about Covid-19<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52e87f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52e87f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aa1299 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2aa1299\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57b39a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57b39a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dbd9cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3dbd9cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Spot<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f415a4e e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"f415a4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"255941198\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411981\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411981\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411981\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tHow?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411982\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411982\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411982\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCheck the Web Address\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411983\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411983\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411983\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAbout Us\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411984\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411984\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411984\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tToo Many Ads\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411985\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411985\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411985\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tEstablished Source\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411986\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411986\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411986\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tImages\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411987\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411987\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411987\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tWhen &amp; Where Created\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411988\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411988\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"8\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411988\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 8;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tLook Past Headline\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411989\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411989\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"9\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411989\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 9;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tQuotes\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411981\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411981\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-131c4eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"131c4eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e594a33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e594a33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2979\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fn.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411982\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411982\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-55922f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55922f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8663e7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8663e7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Review the web address or URL.\u00a0 If you see an address that is unfamiliar, do a little digging.\u00a0<\/p><p>There are websites that spoof legitimate news sites \u2013 mimic the site\u2019s layout, logo and even have a web address that is similar enough to the legitimate website.\u00a0 Be wary of\u00a0fake news sites sometimes have domains that are very close to real news sites.\u00a0<\/p><p>Abcnews.go.com \u2014 the real ABC news website<\/p><p>Abcnews.com.co \u2014 the fake ABC news website<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2980\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/abc.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"452\" height=\"196\" \/><\/p><p>If words like \u201c.wordpress\u201d or \u201cblogger\u201d are in the domain that usually signifies it\u2019s a personal blog rather than a news source.<\/p><p>In other social media platforms you may have to scrutinize the username as well.\u00a0 In late 2016, there was an announcement from what appeared to be a BBC twitter account declaring that Queen Elizabeth II had died.\u00a0 It was shared thousands of times before people started to notice that the username was a variation on the real BBC twitter username.\u00a0 The real BBC twitter username is:\u00a0<strong>@BBCNews<\/strong>\u00a0and this account was tweeting from\u00a0<strong>@BBCNewsUKI<\/strong>\u00a0 a\u00a0close enough match that it fooled thousands of people.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2981\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screen_Shot_2017-11-07_at_4.42.05_PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"429\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411983\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411983\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-3035dae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3035dae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12f4ddd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12f4ddd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Look for an \u201cAbout Us\u201d page and read it.\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Is the website\u00a0clear about who is running the site?\u00a0<\/li><li>Do they state that the website is satirical or full of fake news?\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p>Be wary of websites that don\u2019t tell you about the website.\u00a0<\/p><p>There are websites that have, at first glance,\u00a0innocuous content.\u00a0 For example, this\u00a0Martin Luther King website which lists historical writings and \u201cthe truth\u201d about King. But look closer.. at the bottom of the page there is a link that states that this website is hosted by Stormfront.\u00a0<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2982 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/mlkstormfront.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"823\" \/><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>When you click on the link, you are sent to a neo-Nazi website.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2983 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/stormfront.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"998\" height=\"771\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411984\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411984\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8d50bfd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8d50bfd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55c6d2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55c6d2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Does the website have a lot of ads? Flashing banners? Pop up ads?<\/p><p>A great deal of money is made by websites through advertising. When you visit a website with lots of ads, you have to ask yourself, what is the purpose of the website?\u00a0 To transmit news?\u00a0 Or to generate income through advertising?<\/p><p>Established news webpages will have some advertising.\u00a0 It really comes down to the proportion of advertising versus news stories.<\/p><p>The example below is fake news for a number of reasons, but look at the prominence and the amount of advertising on this site.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2984\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fake_news_ads.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"887\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411985\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411985\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a8f9d84 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a8f9d84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7705569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7705569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Look for elements that you would expect from an established news source.\u00a0 Such elements are:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Date stamp<\/strong>\u00a0on the story. The date stamp lets you know when the story was first published. Fake news stories circulate for years.<br \/><br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2995\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fake_no_date.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"739\" \/><br \/>\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>An author or byline<\/strong>. Look for your stories to be signed by the author. Then take that name and put it in a search engine. Is the author legitimate? Have they written other stories?<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2996\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fake_author.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"649\" \/><br \/>\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Sources.<\/strong>\u00a0These are different sources than you would see in an academic article. Credible news stories\u00a0will often link to other stories or previously published stories. Of course, breaking stories or newly reported stories will not have links to previously published news and that does not make them fake news stories.<br \/><br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2997\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fake_sources.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"678\" \/><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411986\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411986\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-0c7d104 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0c7d104\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eeb4b48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eeb4b48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Photos play a large part in evoking an emotion when reading a story. Photos can play into our implicit and confirmation biases.\u00a0 It is easy to save photos off the internet and use them in non-related fake news stories.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3051\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fake_photo_comparison.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"643\" \/><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Photos can also be photoshopped. We\u2019ve all seen incredible photos online. When you see something fantastic or unbelieveable, consult your factchecking sites to see if the image has already been debunked.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3052\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fake_photoshop_pictures.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"521\" \/><\/p><p>You can use google image search to help determine the original source of the image.\u00a0 This is especially useful when you see photos that are too good to be true or seem suspect. On the right you see the original photo of President Obama.\u00a0 On the left, you see the photo has been switched and someone photoshopped\u00a0a picture of a cigarette in his mouth.\u00a0 The doctored photo was shared widely in an attempt to paint President Obama as a liar who had publicly stated that he quit smoking.\u00a0<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3053 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screen_Shot_2017-11-07_at_4.32.35_PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"532\" height=\"201\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411987\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411987\" data-tab-index=\"7\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-014cd93 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"014cd93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d7599e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d7599e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To create a website, not on a blogging platform such as blogger, you have to register your website.\u00a0 You can run the URL of a webpage through\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/who.is\/\">who.is<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/whois.icann.org\/\">whois.icann.org<\/a>\u00a0to see when and who set up the website.<\/p><p>If a website was just recently established, that can be a red flag.<\/p><p>If the website is registered in another country, but posts predominately on stories outside of that country, that can be a red flag.<\/p><p>If the website is registered to an individual, but the website seems to be representing a corporation, that can be a red flag.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3054\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/whois_fake.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"895\" height=\"466\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411988\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411988\" data-tab-index=\"8\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 8;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8832033 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8832033\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aefdb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8aefdb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>People or bots who make fake news create headlines that spark a strong emotional response. Headlines in all CAPS or headlines that are sensational are likely to get shared more frequently. Most fake news stories are shared based on the headline alone and the stories aren\u2019t necessarily read. Go past the headline and critically read the story.<\/p><p>For example, this fake news story has an incredibly sensational headline. However, when you read the story you discover that the authors make claims without any supportive documentation, use sensational language throughout the story, don\u2019t share their methodology for data collection, editorialize and make suggestive comments within the story.\u00a0 And the same story, word for word, is shared among many other fake news sites.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3055 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fake_news_headlines_collage.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"852\" height=\"754\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-2559411989\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-2559411989\" data-tab-index=\"9\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 9;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-1324228 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1324228\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2939331 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2939331\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Before sharing that scintillating quote, copy and paste it into a search engine to verify if it is real or not.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3056\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fake_collage.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"535\" \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cb9c50 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0cb9c50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5eb0eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e5eb0eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38a599b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38a599b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf7662b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf7662b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bias<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9020565 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"9020565\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"151127397\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273971\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273971\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1511273971\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tWhat is bias?\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273972\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273972\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1511273972\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tSource Bias\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273973\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273973\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1511273973\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tSearch Engine Bias\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273974\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273974\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1511273974\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tSocial Media Bias\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-1511273971\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273971\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-44bda37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"44bda37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3da5e90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3da5e90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>What is bias?<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Bias<\/strong>\u00a0is a tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc., are better than others, which often results in treating some people unfairly.<\/li><li><strong>Explicit bias<\/strong>\u00a0refers to attitudes and beliefs (positive or negative) that we consciously or deliberately hold and express about a person or group. Explicit and implicit biases can sometimes contradict each other.<\/li><li><strong>Implicit bias<\/strong>\u00a0includes attitudes and beliefs (positive or negative) about other people, ideas, issues, or institutions that occur outside of our conscious awareness and control, which affect our opinions and behavior. Everyone has implicit biases\u2014even people who try to remain objective (e.g., judges and journalists)\u2014that they have developed over a lifetime. However, people can work to combat and change these biases.<\/li><li><strong>Confirmation bias<\/strong>, or the\u00a0<strong>selective collection of evidence<\/strong>, is our subconscious tendency to seek and interpret information and other evidence in ways that affirm our existing beliefs, ideas, expectations, and\/or hypotheses. Therefore, confirmation bias is both affected by and feeds our implicit biases. It can be most entrenched around beliefs and ideas that we are strongly attached to or that provoke a strong emotional response.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-1511273972\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273972\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-a30c08e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a30c08e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91ecbd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91ecbd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Factual Reporting vs. News Analysis\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p>\u201cEvaluating news sources is one of the more contentious issues out there. People have their favorite news sources and don\u2019t like to be told that their news source is untrustworthy.<\/p><p>For fact-checking, it\u2019s helpful to draw a distinction between two activities:<\/p><ul><li><strong>News Gathering<\/strong>, where news organizations do investigative work, calling sources, researching public documents, checking and publishing facts, e.g. the getting the facts of Bernie Sanders involvement in the passage of several bills.<\/li><li><strong>News Analysis<\/strong>, which takes those facts and strings them into a larger narrative, such as \u2018Senator Sanders an effective legislator behind the scenes\u201d or \u2018Senator Sanders largely ineffective Senator behind the scenes.\u2019<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Most newspaper articles are not lists of facts, which means that outfits like\u00a0<em>The Wall Street Journal<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>The New York Times<\/em>\u00a0do both news gathering and news analysis in stories. What has been lost in the dismissal of the\u00a0<em>New York Times<\/em>\u00a0as liberal and the\u00a0<em>Wall Street Journal<\/em>\u00a0as conservative is that\u00a0<strong>these are primarily biases of the news analysis portion of what they do<\/strong>. To the extent the bias exists, it\u2019s in what they choose to cover, to whom they choose to talk, and what they imply in the way they arrange those facts they collect. The news gathering piece is affected by this, but in many ways largely separate, and the reputation for fact checking is largely separate as well.\u201d [italics and emphasis added]<\/p><p>Quoted from Michael A. Caulfield\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webliteracy.pressbooks.com\/front-matter\/web-strategies-for-student-fact-checkers\/\"><em>Web Literacy for Student Fact Checkers<\/em>.<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webliteracy.pressbooks.com\/chapter\/evaluating-news-sources\/\">26: Evaluating News Sources<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-1511273973\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273973\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-bf8632b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bf8632b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1252a7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1252a7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Social media and web search engine algorithms are deliberately opaque.\u00a0<strong>Algorithms often reinforce our existing biases.<\/strong>\u00a0Unlike media stories, how these online tools distribute fake news is not open to scrutiny. In this opinion article from the\u00a0<em>New York Times<\/em>, \u201c<a class=\"broken_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/20\/opinion\/monitor-fake-news.html\">How to Monitor Fake News<\/a>,\u201d Tom Wheeler suggests a way to open up social media algorithms to public scrutiny without compromising individual privacy.<\/p><p>This video from the Southern Poverty Law Center shows how the Google searching algorithm effectively narrowed the perspective of Dylann Roof because he searched for white supremacy information. In this example, other points of view were not represented because the Google search results privileged hate sites.<\/p><p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qB6A45tA6mE\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" id=\"e-n-tab-content-1511273974\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1511273974\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-0d87973 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d87973\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f401eff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f401eff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On Dec. 5, 2019 researchers from the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stratcomcoe.org\/how-social-media-companies-are-failing-combat-inauthentic-behaviour-online\">released a study<\/a>\u00a0demonstrating\u00a0<a class=\"broken_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/12\/06\/technology\/fake-social-media-manipulation.html?emci=3b8456e2-de1a-ea11-828b-2818784d6d68&amp;emdi=c319c741-ed1a-ea11-828b-2818784d6d68&amp;ceid=6576465\">how easy it is to purchase artificial engagement<\/a>\u00a0on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube. The research was an attempt to test these companies\u2019 effectiveness at stopping paid influence campaigns designed to game their algorithms and deceive their users about the popularity of posts.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3061 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/howmuchmanipulation.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"596\" height=\"363\" \/><\/p><p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/video\/embed?id=68103416\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p><p><em>(Source: ABC News, 2021)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-289323d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"289323d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2baa916 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2baa916\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30ccc0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"30ccc0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">(Adopted from: Sage Publishing, n.d.)<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6bb77a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b6bb77a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"932\" src=\"https:\/\/library.uum.edu.my\/psbguides\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sfn.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3062\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56b2295 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"56b2295\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48a79a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48a79a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05f3a3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"05f3a3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reference<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93f6a63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93f6a63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Bay, S., Fredheim, R., &amp; North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (2019).\u00a0<i>Falling behind: How social media companies are failing to combat inauthentic behaviour online<\/i>.<a href=\"http:\/\/%20https\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/342765001_Falling_behind_How_Social_Media_Companies_are_Failing_to_Combat_Inauthentic_Behaviour_Online\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/342765001_Falling_behind_How_Social_Media_Companies_are_Failing_to_Combat_Inauthentic_Behaviour_Online<\/a><\/li><li>Sage Publishing. (n.d.).\u00a0<em>How to spot fake news<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/sagepub.uberflip.com\/i\/935361-how-to-spot-fake-news\/0?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/sagepub.uberflip.com\/i\/935361-how-to-spot-fake-news\/0?<\/a><\/li><li id=\"s-lib-bc-customer\">Thompson Rivers University Library. (2019).\u00a0<em>Fake News<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.tru.ca\/fakenews\/spot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/libguides.tru.ca\/fakenews\/spot<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fake News: Source Evaluation How to Spot Fake News How to Spot How? Check the Web Address About Us Too Many Ads Established Source Images When &amp; Where Created Look Past Headline Quotes Review the web address or URL.\u00a0 If you see an address that is unfamiliar, do a little digging.\u00a0 There are websites that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fake-news-source-evaluation"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fake News: Source Evaluation How to Spot Fake News Home How to Spot Fake News What Can You Do? Fake News about Covid-19 Home How to Spot Fake News What Can You Do? Fake News about Covid-19 How to Spot How? 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